Electric heater.



W. S'. HADAWAY, JR.

ELECTRIC HEATER.

APPLICATION FILED AUG.16, 1911.

Patented June 28, 1914.

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W. S. HADAWAY, JR.

ELECTRIC HEATER.

APPLICATION FILEDAUG. 16, 1911.

Patented June 23, 1914.

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7 M am m o MJU i E nf llnvento': Att) WILLIAM S'. HADAWAY, JR., 0F NEW YORK, N. Y.

ELECTRIC HEATER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed August 16, 19.11. Selai No. 644,467.

T0 all whom it may concern Be it known that l, WILLIAM S. Han-xw-AY, J r., a citizen of the United States, re-l siding at New York, in the county of New York and State ot New York, have invented new and' usefulimprovements in Electric Heaters, of which the following is a full, clear, concise, and exact description, relierence being had' tothe accompanying dra'vving" forming a part ot-this specification.

fy invention relates to electric heaters.

For the purposes of illustration, I sliall in this application describe my invention as applied' to a matrix drier, such as is used in printing, to `dry the paper matrix from which the printing form is cast. tion is not however, limited either to this particular form or to herein described tor purposes et illustration, but may assume other Jforms and be used in other relatijas.

It has heretofore been'proposed to provide matrix driers. wherein the matrix is dried by the heat -generated from gas. ln such devices, however, the gas has been used to generate pressure. ue to the types et castings Which are usualdv employed in such service` it has been necessary to hold down this pressure. l

Consequeirgiy the temperature to which the' device has been capable of being heated has been correspondingly held down, the temperature being dependent uponthe pressure. Accordingly the heating operation has been retarded. ln rush work, such as that incident to the issue ot an extra edition of a newspaper the loss ot a single minute between the time the type is set and that when the Apaper is upon the street is exceedingly expensive. Consequently this detect of the gas heated matrix drying tables is an exceedingly serious one. Further, in such devices the matrix is apt to become soiledv from the soot or dirt necessarily attendant upon the use ot gas. ln order to obviate some ot' the detects incident to the,v use ot' gas, it has been proposed to` use steam-heated tables, but in such tables the temperature obtained is dependent upon the pressi-ire, and consequently, a` sutiieiently high temperature to produce a sharp, clear matrix'is not obtainable without the use of anexcessive and dangerous pressure, and the use of an 'unnecessarily heavy equipment.

.'My invention has, among its objects` to My inventhe particular use l l l l i of being run at a high temperature and of producing a clearer, more sharp matrix in a shorter time than it has been possible to do heretofore.

A. Jfurther object ot' my invention, is to provide an electrically heated matrix drier, wherein the heat is evenly distributed over the bed ot the drier and delivered directly to the same.

A further object ot my invention is to provide an improved, inexpensive, simple and reliable matrix drie" which is absolutely saie in operation, wherein the temperature et the drying bed may be graduated to any' predetermined degree and automatically maintained at that temperature despite all variations in the temperature of the matrices placedupon the bed, without the necessity for the attention ofthe operator.

Other objects and advantages ot my improved construction. will hereinafter appear.

in the accompanying drawings, I have illustrated one form which my invention may assume in practice. My inventionis not, however, limited to this speciiic term, but may assume other forms.

In the views ot' these drawings z-Figure l shows a side elevation of the complete machine. Fig.V 2 shows an end elevation ot the same. Fig. 3 shows the control panels in elevation. Fig. d shows a top plan view ot the bed plate, with portions ot the same broken away. Fig. 5 shows a sectional view on line 5 ot Fig. 4t. Fig. shows one of the heating elements lor the bedy plate. Fig. T shousa section of one form of resistance material. Fig. S shows a diagram of the circuit connections 'tor the device.

In these drawings I have illustrated a matrix drying press of the usual term. The electrically heated bed plate l, hereinafter described, occupies the usual position. upon the top, oit the trame Over this bed plate is an upper press member 3, and beneath the plate l, suitable means, such as a cylinder 4i, are provided for supplying pressure to the press trom a suitable source of pressure supply. p rl`he admission ot pressue to this cylinder may be controlled by a lever 5, mounted under the forward edge ot the apron G, and connected to the cylinder by suitable piping. t the trout ot the press und beneath this apr-on G, are located the control panels of the device. 'As in the provide ain improved electr-ic heater, capable usual construction suitable ejecting mecha- ?atented June 23, 1914...

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nisin for throwing the matrix forward upon the bed plate for removal may beprovided, such as the ejecting member 7, operable through the link S and the foot lever 9 at the front of the press. If desired, the upper press member 3, may be adjustedby a handwheel 10.

The bed plate 1, in which the heating elements are iuclosed, is shown in Figs. 4 mand iis illustrated in these figures, this bed plate comprises two parts, l1 and 12 preferably formed of cast metal, and bolted together by suitable bolts 13. The upper plate 1i is provided with a comparatively thick top plate and with longitudinally eX- tending ribs 14, which serve to divide the inner.portions of the plate into a plurality of chambers. "As illustrated in Fig. 5, the

lower plate 12 is also provided with similar ribs l5, which are adapted to imite with the ribs 14 to form between the plates a series of closed chambers of rectangular c 1oss-section. Both of these plates are provided with ribs orflanges, i6, around lthe edges of their adjacent faces, so, that when bolted together they form a closed casing. lVithin the chambers between rthese plates are inclosedl the heatingelements for the device. In a' l'nefei'red form tl'iese. heating elements are in the form of blocks of heat absorptive material in which av resistance material is secured iu .suitable manner. In a preferred forni these heating elements are of the construction .shown in Fig. 6, wherein is illus:

trated a long block of soap-stone 17, having a plurality of longitudinally extending sawv cuts 18 in its surfaces, in which' are laid lengths of resistance material 19, preferably of lthe reilexed wire type. A suitable'insulating filler may be placed in the cuts if desired. In `a preferred form, I divide up the saw cuts on these blocks into sections, five saw cuts being provided on each side, and two sets of five saw cuts each being provided upon the top and bottom of each block. As illustrated in Fig. 4, I may use six blocks. YWhen reflexed resistance wire is laid in these saw cuts it may be more tightly con'ipressed upon the top of the device and near its ends, as wcll as upon the sides, where thesides are adjacent to the sides of the bed, since the heat is more rapidly dissipated from these-parts. Consequently to maintain a uniform temperature over the surface of the entire device it is necessary to supply more heat to these parts. In a preferred form, the resistance of the several blocks whichV go to malte up the heater is,'f0r the saine reasoinalso graduated from the sides toward the center, the blocks on' the sides i'iaving` the lesser resistance, while those to-l .ward the center have greater resistance. The lower platel2 is preferably provided with tra versely extending ribs 20, which serve to position the heating' elements withinthe chambers and hold them close against the inner surface of the plate l1. A length of the pipe or tubing 21, is so arranged with respect to the plate 11, as to be substantially integral with it, so that the heat imparted to the plate is directly conducted to the tubing. .In a preferred formpthis tubing 21l is made of steel and 'arranged in convolutions cast in the metal of the plate 11 slightly below the upper surface of the saine, so that portions of the tubing extend over substantially the entire surface of the plate. This is clearly shown in Fig. 4. One end of this tubing 21 is suitably sealed and the tubing is partially filled with a liquid, the pressure of whici when heated is a direct function of the temperature. Ina preferred fornnI usewater as this-liquid. In order to close the tubing, I .may provide one end of the saine ,wl1ich extends out of the bed plate with a suitable pet-cock 23. suitable funnel 24 may also be provided, so that more liquid maybe supplied when needed. It is, however, unnecessary to replenish this water except at rare intervals, si'ce both ends of the tubing are closed and the water has no means of escape. The other end of the tubing 21 is connected through alsuitable pipe 25' with a pressure gage 26, preferably mounted on a panel 27, supported between standards 28 at the front of the press and beneath the apron 6. If desired, the connection of the pipe 25 to the pressure gage may be made by brazing, in order to secure a tight joint.

The pressure gage 26, may be of any desired construction, and is provided with theA usual indicatingneedle 29. In my improved construct-ion, however, contacts 30 and 31 are rovided, which are adjustably mounted, pre lerably upon the dial of thepressuregage, as for instance, upon rings 32 and 33.

These contacts are adapted to be engaged by the needle 29 of the pressure gage, and are so connected" that when the pressure reaches predetermined points electric circuit'controlling devices are operated to cut in or out of circuit the heating units in the bed plate. By the provision of the-adjustable contacts 30 and 31, it is evident that the device may be made to operate between any predetermined pressures. l

In Fig. 8 I have diagrammatically illustrated -a preferred form of circuit connections for thecontrolling devices, these devices being connected toa line i4-35, and

the whole device being adapted to be eut in.

or out of circuit by a suitable line switch 36. In this figure, I have only shown the resistance r1 to r, inclusive, of one of theI heating elements connected in circuit. As

illustratedl these -resistances are diagram-- matically shown connected to terminal blocks B7' on a panel board; the resistances r1, and 74, fr", which represent the resistance4 elements laid in each of 'the ten .saw

' other heating `elements may be connected in yao vent damage to the it is seen that I am able to graduate the heat cuts on the top and lbottom of the block,

obvious that-the resistance material in the the same manner as those herein shown. As heretofore described, the needle 29 ot the pressure gage 26 is adapted to malte or break the circuit connections tor these resistances at either of its extreme positions, in orde-r Yto, cut the heating device in or out of circuit. then either of these contacts 30, v31, is engaged, an automatic switch 3S of any suitable type, preferably operated by Ia solenoid, is actuated, and the electrical connections of -the heating elements are either made or broken. Inorder to provide means for dividing up the resistance of the heating elements so that intermediate heats may be provided, I employk a plurality of suitable switches, 39, 10 and 41, which are connected in the separate circuits of the top, side. and bot-tom resistances,/ '-as indicated on xthe drawing.

In ay preferred form, these switches are of the :knife-switch type, 4andare carried on a panel 42, located between the Standards Q8 and above the panel 27 at the front of the press. As shown in the diagram in Fig. S, theI switch 39, controls the resistance in the slots or saw cuts upon the tops of the heating elements, the switch 40 controls the resist-ance upon the sides of the heating elements, and the switch 41 controls the resistance upon the bottoms of the same. Thus to any desired amount and at the same time prov-ide automatic means Jfor cutting the heating devices in or out of circuit Within any predetermined limits.

In order to provide suitable factors of safety, suitable fuses 43 may be placed in circuit with the switches 39, 40 and 41, and larger fuses 4A may be placed in the main Circuit. In a preferred form, these fuses are mounted on the panel 42, adjacentl to the switches 39, #-10 and 41. As an additional safe-guard, I have also provided a heavy fuset, located in the circuit ot the magnetic switch 38 and lpreferably at the back of the bed, which is adapted to melt at a predetermined high temperature, to open the circuit of the magnetic switch and thus predevice from the overheating of the bed, if for any reason the temperature should reach this point.

By the use of my improved construction, I have provided an electric heater, wherein the temperature is evenly distributed over the surface of the bed and Whereinthis bed may be brought to its maximum temperature 'within la very shorttime. Further, by

the provision of my improved means tor! regulating this .'teniperature, wherein the tubing is formed in the bed plate, the pressure oit the liquid within the tubing is a direct function of the temperature of the bed plate. Furth-er, by the arrangement of the tubing in convolutions in the bed plate, I am able to obtain an integrated temperature over the whole surface of the same. By the use ot the pressure actuated regulator I am able to, provide an exceedingly simple and rugged construction, wherein a minute change in temperature produces a Wide variation in pressure, so that the device may be very closely regulated. By the provision of the independently adjustable contacts upon the pressure regulator, I am able to govern the. closeness of the regulation by moving the contacts toward and away from each other, as well as adjust the temperature zone in which the regulation is effected. Further, by the provision of the independent switches for the several circuits of the heating elements I am able to graduate the heat supply from the heater to any desired amount. The adjustment of the heating elements in this Way closely cooperates with the adjustments which are effected on thev regulator and make the device operate automatically to cut the heat elements in or out within any predetermined limits. Further by the pr'ovision'of my improved controlling mechanism, I am able to provide a simple controlling system by which i the heater is cut in or out of circuit automatically without the necessity for the attention of the operator. Further, by the provision of the various safety devices, such as fuses, which are located in the various circuits and the improved manner in which I inclose the resistance elements, I am able to provide an exceedingly safe device. Further', by the provision of my improved .heater and its controlling mechanism, I am able to provide a heater which may be broughtto its maximum temperature within al much shorter time than has been possible with the devices heretofore known. In addition, I nd that a. matrix dried with my improved heater is more sharp and clear than the matrices dried by the gas driers. Further, with my improved heater no difficulty isexperienced from the soiling ot the matrix by soot, etc. Further, by my improved heater construction, I have provided a heater, which is adapted to readily absorb the heat transmitted to it and retain this heat, so that it may be readily and quickly transmitted to a 'Number 749,595 filed February 20, 1913,

which is a continuation of this application, I have claimed broadly the combined heater and regulator which is set forth herein, the claims of the present application being limited to the specilie thermometer circuit breaker system set forth and described.

YWhile .l have in this application described one .specific form Which my invention may assume in practice, I do not Wish to be liniited thereby as my invention may bodied in various forms.

. V hat I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Iatent isrl. In atemperature regulator for a heated body, the comliiination with an electric heater, a supply circuit therefor and means for adjusting the healer lo vary the amount of heat generated therein, of electro-responsive means; for enel-giving and denergizing the heater, a thernmmeter influenced by the heater, a movable Contact actuated by the thcrn'rometer and ndepeiulently adjustable stationary contacts arflapted to be engaged by the movable contact at predetermined temperatures, said contacts being adapted to govern the aforesaid electro-responsive means.

2. In a temperature regulator for a heated body, the combination with an electric heater, a suppl'y circuit therefor, and a plurality ot control switches for adjusting the healer to vary the amount of heat generated therein, ot a controller for opening and closing` lla:` sunnl y circuit, an electro-magnet for acluating the controller, a thermometer -inlluenced by the heater, a movable contact actuated by the thermometer, and independenlly adjustable stationary contacts adapted to be engaged by the movable contact at predetermined indicated tempcratures, said contacts being adapted to govern the controller 'For automatically continuing and interrupting the supply of energy to the adjusted heater.

In witness whereof, I .have hereunto subscribed. my-name in the presence of two witnesses.

IVILLIAM S. HAI)AVAY, Jn. Wi tnesses FRANK H. I-IUBBARD, A. B. DUNBAR. 

